|
This article is about the history of music in Paris, the capital of France. Although Paris has a history of classical music, the Orchestre de Paris was only founded in 1967, following the dissolution of the Orchestre de la Société des Concerts du Conservatoire. The city is best known for its bal-musette, a style of French music and dance that first became popular in Paris in the 1870s and 1880s, and gypsy jazz, which is played in the clubs and cafes at night in the city. ==Classical music== Prior to the ninth century there were no written manuscripts of liturgy related to music. The Gallic music of the churches of Gaul was replaced by the plain songs traced to Rome. In the late 12th century, a school of polyphony was established at Notre-Dame. A group of Parisian aristocrats, known as trouvères, became known for their poetry and songs. Choral polyphony is a musical genre which was introduced in the 15th century in the Western church music culture. At Notre-Dame, this culture became intertwined as its construction progressed. Composition of music and poetry was a culture that prevailed in the cathedral among its canons and dignitaries. In the cathedral, polyphony and organ music were reserved for solemn occasions at a time when acoustics were not well developed. Organizing of the music group in the cathedral was such that the polyphonic vocal choir singing musicians were set behind the tapestries whereas the organ was placed in the nave. Before the 16th century all music performed in the cathedral was a cappella, except for use of organ while chanting. During the reign of Francis I, the lute became popular in the French court, and a national musical printing house was established. In 1571, the poet Baïf founded the Academy for Music and Poetry. During the Renaissance era, the French royals "disported themselves in masques, ballets, allegorical dances, recitals, opera and comedy", and composers such as Jean-Baptiste Lully became popular. During the 18th century there was a dispute between the proponents of French and Italian opera, known as the Musical Wars, and a second war developed in which many showed an aversion to comic opera. The Conservatoire de Musique de Paris was founded in 1795. By 1870, Paris had become the most important centre for ballet music, and composers such as Debussy and Ravel contributed much to symphonic music. The Orchestre de Paris was established in 1967, following the dissolution of the Orchestre de la Société des Concerts du Conservatoire, when conductor Charles Munch was called on by the Minister of Culture, André Malraux, and his music director, Marcel Landowski to create a new orchestra in Paris. Soon after its creation, Munch died in 1968, and Herbert von Karajan was hired as an interim music advisor from 1969 to 1971. Successive music directors include Sir Georg Solti, Daniel Barenboim, and Semyon Bychkov. Christoph von Dohnányi served as artistic advisor from 1998-2000.〔 The orchestra performs most of its concerts at the Salle Pleyel. The ''Élysées-Montmartre'', much reduced from its original 1807 size, is a concert hall today, as well as serving as a club and rock venue. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Music in Paris」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|